Drawn together with her, self-statement and you can psychological investigation mean that the new message-planning task triggered stress and you can cardiovascular reactivity that has been somewhat some other out-of baseline profile; this type of variables didn’t will vary centered on gender and trait resilience
To test this type of hypotheses, Tugade and Fredrickson (2004) collected carried on measures away from aerobic answering out-of all participants (N = 57) at the a sampling price off a lot of Hz. Half a dozen indicator of cardio reacting were collected, also (1) pulse rate (HR), (2) fist heart circulation amplitude (FPA), (3) pulse indication moments towards hand (PTF), (4) pulse indication time to this new ear canal (PTE), (5) diastolic hypertension (DBP), and you will (6) systolic hypertension (SBP). Once a sleeping standard, nervousness try experimentally caused by the advising players that they will have sixty sec so you’re able to emotionally prepare a speech towards the a home-related issue. Following the 60-sec, speech-planning activity, there clearly was an effective step three-min recuperation months. Users and additionally completed notice-account away from personal emotional experience, ambient negative and positive aura (PANAS; Watson, Clark, & Tellegen, 1989), and you will trait resilience (Take off & Kremen, 1996).
Results indicated that, around the the participants, the newest speech thinking activity introduced personal enjoy out of anxiety and increases during the cardiovascular reactivity out of baseline (get a hold of Dining table step one ). Such change mirror task-created, cardio stimulation, which includes heartbeat velocity, increased hypertension, and you can peripheral vasoconstriction.
Table step 1
Notice. Recreated having consent on the APA. Hours = heartbeat in the sounds each min; FPA = finger pulse amplitude during the mv; PTF = heart circulation sign for you personally to new finger and you can PTE = heartbeat indication time for you to the newest ear, for each inside msec; DBP = diastolic blood pressure levels and you may SBP = systolic blood pressure level, for every into the mmHg. Asterices suggest alter notably some other function baseline strategies of the inside-topic t-evaluation (df = 55).
Our first prediction was that trait resilience would predict subjective reports of positive emotionality. Results revealed support for this prediction: Trait resilience was positively associated with positive mood as assessed by the PANAS (Watson et al., 1988) (r = .38, p<.01), (but not associated with negative mood). Adding further support to our first prediction, we found that higher trait resilience was associated with more happiness (r = .47, p<.01) and more interest (r = .33, p<.01) during the speech preparation task. To quantify positive emotionality in a single measure, we created a composite index by summing the standardized scores of positive mood and standardized emotion reports of happiness in response to the speech preparation task. 1 As predicted, trait resilience was positively related to the positive emotionality composite index (r = .46, p<.001).
Our second prediction was that psychological resilience would be negatively related with duration of cardiovascular reactivity. We calculated an aggregate index of duration of cardiovascular reactivity (time to return to baseline levels) for each participant by computing the mean duration score across the six cardiovascular indices (for a detailed description of this data-reduction technique, see Fredrickson & Levenson, 1998). As predicted, findings demonstrated that trait resilience was negatively correlated to duration of cardiovascular reactivity (r = ?.26, p<.05), indicating that those with higher trait resilience evidenced faster cardiovascular recovery from negative emotional arousal.
Our final prediction stated that positive emotions would mediate the effect of resilience on duration of cardiovascular reactivity following the speech-preparation task. The statistical analysis framework suggested by Baron and Kenny (1986) was used to test for mediation effects. Findings revealed support for our final prediction: Data indicated that the effect of trait resilience on duration of cardiovascular reactivity was no longer significant when controlling for positive emotionality (Beta = ?.15, t<1, ns) (for full details of the test of mediation, please refer to Tugade & Fredrickson, 2004).